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Moves the cursor to the position after the last character in the slot.
Moving within a column
Enter -
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ENTER |
Moves the cursor down to the next row and to the first character position in the current column. If the cursor is at the bottom of the document, the command will add an extra row to the document.
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Moves the cursor to the same horizontal position in the previous line and the next line respectively: the cursor remains in the current column. Cursor Up will have no effect if the cursor is already on the top line of the document, and Cursor Down will have no effect if the cursor is already on the bottom line of the document.
Screen Up -
the
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SHIFT |
Screen Down -
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SHIFT |
Moves the cursor up or down a screenful at a time. With borders displayed this will be five lines at a time.
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Moves the cursor to the top or bottom of the current column in the document respectively.
Moving between columns
First Column - 
CFC or
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TAB |
Last Column - CLC
These commands move the cursor to the first or left-most column on the document, and last or right-most column on the document respectively. The cursor stays in the same row, but will be moved to the first (left-most) character position in the specified column.
Next Column -
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TAB |
Previous Column -
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SHIFT |
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TAB |
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The Rubout command, normally used by pressing the DEL key, deletes to the left. Then DEL key is used to remove a mistake in the line you have just typed. In Insert mode the remaining characters on the line move one position to the left. Note that DEL will not jump back to the previous line when the left-hand margin of a page is reached.
Delete Character - G or
the
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SHIFT |
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DEL |
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Normally, page breaks are inserted automatically by PipeDream. These are called 'soft' page breaks, and are represented by a horizontal line
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
across the document between two rows. Their position will change if you alter the amount of text on a page, or change the margin settings on the Options Page.
However, to force a page break to occur at a specific place in the document, such as before a new chapter, you can insert a 'hard' page break with the Insert Page command. Hard page breaks are displayed as a row on the document
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Using this command will insert a hard page break in the row containing the cursor. The command gives the prompt
Specify no. of unbroken lines No Pressing ENTER executes
Pressing
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ENTER |
Alternatively, altering the option to Yes followed by a number enters a conditional hard page break. This means that a page break win occur if less than the specified number of lines is available on the current page. For example, before a table of ten lines one might insert a conditional hard page break with a value of 10 to ensure that all ten lines of the table were on the same page.
If the conditional hard page break does not cause a page break, it will be displayed in column A as:
~n
Insert Row - N
Inserts a blank row across the entire document before the row containing the cursor. Subsequent rows are moved down to make space. The Insert Row command is typically used when working in Rows mode (see the Options Page), since it maintains alignment between text in adjacent columns.
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The slot is highlighted, and the cursor moves to the editing line above the top border at the centre of the screen. The current contents of the slot, if any, are displayed, and they can be edited using the cursor keys and line editing commands:
VUTDK , SHIFT , SHIFT , | Rubout Delete character Insert/Overtype Insert character Delete word Delete to end of slot Insert reference Cursor left/Cursor right Previous word/Next word Beginning of line/End of line |
Finally press ENTER to press
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ENTER |
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ESC |
Escape -
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ESC |
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- Save the document first, as the procedure will alter it.
- Mark as much of the document as you wish to examine or print out.
- Type ENT. Expression slots within the marked block will display the expressions they contain. Note that text slots will display the error Typing error.
- Press Q to clear the marked block, and, if necessary, increase the column widths so that the full expressions can be seen.
Working with files - FILES
The commands on the FILES menu allow you to load documents from the Cambridge Z88 filing system, and save documents to the filing system.
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When you start PipeDream with a blank document, the document will have no File name associated with it, and it will show:
File No File
at the top right-hand side of the Options Page. A File name can be given to a document with the Name command. Loading a file, with the Load command, will set the File name to the name of the loaded file.
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Sets the File name for the current document. Gives the prompt:
New name of file
The current File name, if any, will be displayed; this should be edited to the new name, followed by ENTERby
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ENTER |
Loading a document
Load - FL
Loads a document of a given name from the filing system. The following options are displayed:
Name of file to load
Insert at slot NoLimit to range of rows NoLoad as plain text No
Name of file to load: specifies the file name. If a file of the same name but with the extension'.L' exists, this file is taken as a List file; see Multi-file documents, p. 125. If not, the specified file is loaded.
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Instead of typing the file name, the file can be selected from the Filer. After typing FL, call the Filer by typing 
F, and select the required document using the cursor keys followed by ENTER followed by
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ENTER |
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ESC |
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ENTER |
If the document in memory has been altered since last saving it, the message
Overwrite text?
will be displayed, and the document will only be loaded if Y (or y) is typed. If the document is too large to fit into memory, only the first section will be loaded, and the display will show the message
Memory full
Insert at slot: appends the file to the document already in memory, either at the specified slot reference, or at the current cursor position if no slot reference is specified. Type Y for the option
Insert at slot Yes
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Limit to range of rows: enables files too large for the available memory to be edited by splitting them up into sections. If the option is set to Yes, a range of rows can be entered as two numbers separated by a space. Only rows lying between the specified range, inclusive, will be loaded.
Load as plain text: if Yes is specified, the file is interpreted as plain text. Sections of text on each line separated by tabs are put into successive columns across each row of the PipeDream document.
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If none of the options are changed, pressing ENTER saves pressing
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ENTER |
The following options are displayed:
Name of file to save Save only range of columns NoSave selection of rows NoSave marked block NoSave plain text No
Name of file to save: by default, the current File name is displayed, as shown in the Options Page. This can be edited to save the document under a different name.
Save only range of columns: altering this option to Yes allows you to specify a range of columns. This should be given as two column labels, separated by a space: for example, A F. Only the text within the range of columns, inclusive, will be saved.
Save selection of rows: altering this option to Yes allows you to enter an expression. Only rows for which the expression evaluates to TRUE will be saved.
For example, column E in an inventory of goods may represent the quantity of each item in stock. To save a copy of the database which excluded out-of-stock items, you would type
Save selection of rows Yes E1>0
All row references in the expression are incremented before the expression is evaluated for each row in the document. So in this example row 6 will be saved if E6>0.
Save marked block: altering this option to Yes specifies that only the marked block of text should be saved.
Save plain text: altering this option to Yes will save the document as a plain text file, containing no special constructs. The contents of each successive column will be output separated by tab characters, with each row terminated by a return character.
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The List file should be given a name with the extension'.L'. A file with extension'.L' is taken as a List file when loading, and the first document in the list will be loaded.
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Take care not to add any blank lines after the last file name. Then save this as a plain text file called book.L, by typing FS book.L, and setting the Save plain text option to Y.
Create three files, chapterone, chaptertwo, and chapterthree, containing, for example, the following lines of text respectively:
This is the first chapter
This is the second chapter
This is chapter three
Now load the multi-file document by typing FL book. If you use the Filer to select the file you will need to delete the '.L' extension from the end of the file name.
Typing FN, FP, FT, and FB will then move between the three files.
Altering the layout - LAYOUT
The commands in the LAYOUT menu allow you to specify how the information entered in a document is displayed.
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Specifies the width that a column occupies on the document. The following options are displayed:
New widthSpecify column No
If no column is specified, the column currently containing the cursor is assumed.
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This command determines the area over which text is to be formatted within the column; thus, if the width is set to zero, it will be equal to the column width, and there will be no margin. The following options are displayed:
New widthSpecify column No
If no column is specified, the column containing the cursor will be assumed.
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- Set the widths of columns A, B, and C to 24, by giving the Width command on the LAYOUT menu with the options
New width 24Specify column Yes ANew width 24Specify column Yes BNew width 24Specify column Yes C - With the cursor in column A, move the right-hand margin to the right-hand edge of column A by pressing until the right-hand margin pointer is just to the left of the A on the top border; see the diagram below. This will also position the left margin for columns B and C to the right-hand edge of those columns.
Enter the Options Page, by typing O, and alter the Insert on wrap option to Columns by pressing 
until the cursor is on the option line, and typing C to alter it to
Insert on wrap C
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Press
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ESC |
- Type the required text into each column; it will format automatically within the column width.
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Aligns components of the slot containing the cursor, or the slots within a marked block, to the left, centre, and right of the column's text wrap-width. The line has the format
/left/centre/right/
where left, centre, and right represent text which will be respectively left-aligned, centred and right-aligned, and '/' represents an arbitrary delimiter, which must not occur elsewhere in the line of text.
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Sets the number of decimal places displayed by an expression slot, or a marked block of expression slots. Gives the prompt
Number of decimal places Floating format No
The number of decimal places may be set to a value from 0 to 9, or floating format may be specified which uses the display format giving the most significant figures displayed in the available width.
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You can return to a PipeDream document by pressing the ESC keythe
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ENTER |
Information lines
The right-hand column of the Options Page display gives information about the current document.
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The name of the document previously loaded with the Load command, or the name assigned to a document by the Name command (FC) on the FILES menu. If no name has been specified, it will show
No File
The name will also appear on the SUSPENDED ACTIVITIES list in the Index display.
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Normally blank, displays the word Microspace if the microspace option has been selected from the PRINT menu.
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As with many other commands, Next Option, J will alternate between two available values, for example Y and N for Yes and No, or T and N for Text and Numbers. Alternatively, these values can be changed by typing the appropriate letter. In the case of options with more than two possible values, J will set the option back to its default value.
Other options can be altered by moving the cursor to the appropriate item, with the and keys, and then editing the item with the line-editing commands , , DEL key and G or SHIFT DEL to
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DEL |
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SHIFT |
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DEL |
to delete the character under the cursor. In numeric fields, such as Page length, Overtype mode is automatically set irrespective of the current Overtype/Insert mode setting.
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Set to T (Text) to make the default slot format text slots, or N (Numbers) for expression slots. In Numbers mode there is no need to type X before entering an expression, and the cursor keys and will move directly between slots containing expressions; ie behave like TAB and SHIFT TABlike
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TAB |
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SHIFT |
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TAB |
Borders (Y)
Set to Y (Yes) to display borders, or N (No) to hide borders. Hiding the borders allows a larger area of the sheet to be displayed, and can be useful for word-processing applications.
Justify (N)
Set to N (No justify) for ragged right margins, or Y (Yes) for even right-hand margins. To reformat a paragraph of text after changing this option, give the Format Paragraph command, R.
Wrap (Y)
Set to Y (Yes) to make text wrap automatically at the wrap point, or N (No) for no wrapping.
Insert on wrap (R)
Set to R (Rows) to maintain alignment between adjacent rows, or C (Columns) for creating independent columns of text; see Widths and margins in a multi-column document, p. 129.
Recalculation mode
The Calc options determine how expression slots are recalculated in the document.
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Determines the recalculation of expression slots on the document.
Set to A (Automatic) to recalculate the document every time an expression slot changes or M (Manual) for recalculation only with the A command. This option can be set to M to make entering data into a large spreadsheet, or working with large text documents, faster.
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Select the order of recalculation: R (Rows) across rows first, or C (Columns) down columns first.
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Decimal places (2)
Select 0 to 9 decimal places or F for free format.
Minus/brackets (M)
Select M (Minus) to display negative numbers with a minus sign, or B (Brackets) for financial bracketed notation.
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Page length (66)
Set to between 1 and 127 to specify the number of lines on each page, including margins, footer and header, or 0 to suppress page breaks altogether.
Line spacing (1)
You can specify from 0 to 255 additional blank lines to be inserted between each line of text.
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You can set the current page number to 0 to 255.
Headers, footers, and margins
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You can specify lines of text which will be printed out at the head and foot of each page. Each line has the format
/left/centre/right/
where left, centre, and right represent text which will be respectively left-aligned, centred and right-aligned, and '/' represents an arbitrary delimiter, which must not occur elsewhere in the line of text.
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You can specify the number of blank lines, from 0 to 255, to be left above the header, between header and text, between text and footer, and below the footer respectively. The left margin can specify a margin of 0 to 255 characters at the left of each page:
Margins: Top 0 Header 2 Footer 2 Bottom 8 Left 0
For example, a typical set-up might be
Margins: Top 2 Header 2 Footer 2 Bottom 2 Left 6 Header /@T@//Maxo Ltd/ Footer //Page @P@//
Title Quarterly Report
The @-field @P@ will be replaced by the current page number, and the @-field @T@ by the Title. The resulting page layout would be as follows:
Printing documents - PRINT
The commands on the PRINT menu allow you to print your document and to take advantage of facilities offered by the printer, such as bold and underlined text, and alternative fonts.
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Prints all or part of a document. The following options are displayed:
Print only range of columns NoSelect rows to print NoWait between pages No
By default, the Print command prints the whole of the current document with no pause between pages.
The starting page number is determined by the Options Page Start page setting, except when printing a marked block, or selected rows. In this case the pages will be numbered, starting at 1, and soft page breaks will be ignored.
Print only range of columns: setting this option to Yes will allow a column range to be specified. The column range should be given as two column labels, separated by a space. Only the columns within the specified range (inclusive) will be printed.
Select rows to print: setting this option to Yes will allow an expression to be entered. Rows will only be printed if the expression evaluates to a true or nonzero result. The expression can contain slot references; after each row the slot references are updated by one row, unless they are fixed with the $ operator.
For example, a document containing text in column B could use column A to contain a '*' character, indicating the latest revisions to the document. To print out only the revised lines the option
Select rows to print Yes A1="*"
could be specified. See also Printing selected rows, p. 57, for an example.
Wait between pages: setting this option to Yes gives a prompt between pages to allow single sheets to be inserted into the printer. The prompt
Page n ..
is displayed, where n is the page number. You can then press one of the following keys to control printing:
M to miss the page C to continue printing all remaining pages without further prompting
Any other character (eg the space bar) to print the page page
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ESC |
Printing a marked block: if a block of slots is marked when the Print command is given, only the marked slots will be printed.
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Selects microspaced printed output. Gives the prompt
Microspace printed output No
Changing the option to Yes and pressing ENTER causes pressing
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ENTER |
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Highlight characters are considered to be of zero width for formatting and justification.
Note: You can use SPACE to
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SPACE |
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Inserts a specified highlight number in the text at the cursor position. Gives the prompt
Highlight number
Typing in a number between 1 and 8, followed by ENTERby
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| ||||||
ENTER |
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Removes all occurrences of a specified highlight number from a given marked block of text. Gives the prompt
Highlight number
Typing a number between 1 and 8 followed by ENTER will by
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| ||||||
ENTER |
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Highlights all words within a marked block of text with a given highlight number. Gives the prompt
Highlight number
Typing a number between 1 and 8 will remove any existing highlights of the same number and highlight all words in the marked block with pairs of the specified highlight character. Because individual words are highlighted, reformatting the highlighted block of text will leave the selected text correctly highlighted, and text will be printed correctly even if the highlighted block extends over a page break.
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