Page Comparison

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VT100 TERMINAL EMULATOR FOR THE Z88

VISION2 V2v2.06 (full product) & VISION/L V3v3.0 (reduced feature version)

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Introduction

Vision/L is a terminal emulation software package based for the highly-acclaimed Cambridge Computer Z88 notebook computer.

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Vision/L emulates an extensive sub-set of VT100 terminal commands for compatibility with most types of host computer and provides an RS-232-C interface with communication speeds up to 38,400 38400 baud.

Vision/L also allows data capture and file transfer between host computer systems and a sophisticated filing system organised in RAM memory. Files can be prepared and edited off-line using a built-in wordprocessor.

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The full-size VT100 terminal has a many more keyboard keys than are available on the notebook sized Z88. Vision/L emulates these keys through the special Z88 ◇ and □ keys.

Function keys are obtained by use of a unique screen display technique, which shows alternative key designations whenever the Z88 □ key is pressed.

The VT100 keypad keys are also available to the user at any time simply by pressing the Z88 ◇ key in conjunction with the relevant keypad key

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• Battery operated V21/V22 MODEM

• Cellular telephone interface

• Memory expansion up to 1Mb for extra file storage

• EPROM cartridges for data backup and archiving

• Carrying cases

• Portable battery operated printer

• Mains power supply

• Connecting cables

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Installing the ROM

See Fitting & Using the ROM in the "Read me First" Section

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• Place the cursor over the Vision/L entry on the list of applications on the index Index page and press the -ENTER- key.

or:

• Press the □ key followed by ZV Z V

Cabling

The Z88 has a 9 pin D-type connector wired conventionally for RS-232-C. A cable will be required in most cases to connect the Z88 directly, or remotely via a MODEM, to the host computer.

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RS-232 Pinouts

See Appendix 3

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Operator Information

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Setup Modes

Vision/L has three set-up setup modes: A, B and Z. Set-up Setup modes A and B are compatible with and equivalent to those of a standard VT100 terminal. Set-up Setup mode Z has been added to take advantage of the additional features available within Vision/L.

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Setup Mode A

On a VT100 terminal, Set-up Setup Mode A allows the user to modify the tab stops within the currently selected line width. Setup Mode A is implemented in Vision/L with the following features:

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Setting

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Tab stops

Up to sixteen TAB tab stops can be set at any position across the screen. Move the cursor to the required column number and press 2. To set the default TAB tab stop condition, that is TAB tab stops every eight columns, press -SHIFT-+T.

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Clearing

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Tab stops

All TAB tab stops can be cleared by pressing 3. Specific TAB tab stops can be cleared by moving the cursor to the TAB tab stop and pressing 2.

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Saving settings to a file

The settings from modes A, B and Z can be saved to a file held on RAM.0 by pressing -SHIFT-+S. Vision/L creates a file called "VISION2.CNF", if this file does not already exist.

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Recalling settings from a file

The settings from modes A, B and Z can be recalled from a file held on RAM.0 by pressing -SHIFT-+W. These settings will be the last saved set, allowing the user to set up the Vision/L emulation to his exact requirements. If the user removes Vision/L from the Z88, as long as the .CNF file held on RAM.0 is left untouched, when Vision/L is re-inserted and run, the correct user settings will be automatically reloaded.

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Recalling default settings

The default settings for modes A, B and Z can be recalled by pressing -SHIFT-+D.

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Reset terminal

Pressing 0 causes Vision/L to clear the display and restore all values to the contents of the file "VISION2.CNF" and leave setup mode.

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Setup Mode B

Setup Mode B is implemented with the following features:

To alter the setting of any of the features, move the cursor onto the feature and press the -ENTER- key. Vision/L will cycle through an the available options for the feature.

In addition, the "answerback" message can be set by pressing the key -SHIFT-+A. Vision/L will respond by displaying:

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Note: To access the Z88 panel from Vision/L, first press the -INDEX- key, followed by □key andS. To return to Vision/L, press -ESC- to return to the Index page and then re-select Vision by typing □ and ZV Z V.

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Setup Mode Z

Setup mode Z provides the following features:

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To alter the setting of any of the features except Break time, move the cursor onto the feature and press the -ENTER- key Vision/L will cycle through all the available options for the feature.

To alter the setting of Break time, move the cursor onto the feature and type in the new setting directly.

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The Keyboard

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'

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Normal'

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Keys

Vision/L provides the full range of alpha, numeric and punctuation keys directly, simply by pressing the appropriate key on the Z88 keyboard. 'Control' keys are obtained by pressing the ◇ key, which acts as 'CTRL', together with the correct alpha key.

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PF Keys

To access a PF key, press the 0 □ key to bring up the function key display. Then, press the -TAB- key. Note that the legend above numeric keys 1-4 changes to PF 1-4. The required PF key can then be obtained by simply pressing the designated number key.

Note that the PF key display shows additional function keys for VT220 and VT320 terminals. These keys are not available in the VT100 terminal and are not implemented in Vision/L. Codes are only transmitted for the PF keys and '-ESC-', 13S'BS', and 'LF'. All other keys are ignored. Users requiring the full range of function keys should refer to the Ranger Vision-100 package, which is available separately.

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Keypad

The VT100 terminal has an additional set of keys to the right of the main keyboard. This is known as the Auxiliary Keypad and contains the keys listed in the Keypad Key Code table which follows.

In Vision/L, the keypad keys are accessed by pressing ◇, together with the equivalent key on the main keyboard. Thus, the Keypad 'ENTER' key is obtained by pressing ◇ and -ENTER-. Each keypad key has an equivalent on the main keyboard.

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Application Keypad Mode

The Auxiliary Keypad can be set, by commands from the host computer, to perform in one of two modes, namely a Numeric mode and an Application mode. When first invoked, after reset or after restore default, Vision/L sets the auxiliary keypad to numeric mode. The codes that the keys on the Auxiliary Keypad send out when pressed are determined by the mode that the keypad is in.

When Application mode is selected by the host, the word 'APPLICATION' will appear on the right hand side of the Z88 screen above the line and column count display.

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Keypad Key Codes

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Setup feature definition

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Auto Repeat

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All keys will auto repeat except: -ESC-, ◇, □ and -INDEX-. Auto repeating works as follows: when a key is typed, its code(s) is sent at once. If the key is held down for more than 1/2 second, the code(s) will be sent repeatedly, at the rate specified in the Panel option of the Z88, until key is released.

The Auto Repeat feature can be disabled from the Z88 Panel by setting the repeat rate to 0, or from Setup B of Vision/L by setting auto repeat to No.

Auto Xon-Xoff On/Off

Auto Xon-Xoff can be enabled or disabled from the Z88 Panel. If enabled, transmission of data to and from the Z88 is controlled by the Xon-Xoff protocol. When either Vision/L or the host computer need to suspend data transmission, an Xoff is issued to the sending device. When the receiving device is free to continue it sends an Xon to the sending device.

Bits per character 8/7

Vision/L will always transmit and receive 8 data bits per character. On transmission, 1 start bit and two stop bits will be sent. On reception, 1 start bit and 1 stop bit will be expected.

With the option set to 7 bits, only the first 7 bits of the character are actioned. This will typically be the required setting for VT100 emulation. With the option set to 8 bits, all 8 bits of each character received are actioned. This provides the host with the facility to use 8 bit control characters and the DEC supplemental graphic set. Typically, this may be necessary for VT220 emulation.

Cursor Block/Underlined

The cursor used by Vision/L is the standard Z88 flashing block.

Margin Bell On/Off

No margin bell is sounded.

New line On/Off

When New Line is off, a received line feed, form feed or vertical tab will move the cursor to the next line in the current column. The -ENTER- key transmits a carriage return.

When New Line option is on, a received line feed, form feed or vertical tab will move the cursor to the first column of the next line. The -ENTER- key transmits both a carriage return and a line feed.

Parity Sense

The parity of transmitted characters can be set to Odd, Even Mark, Space or none from Setup mode B. The parity of received characters is always ignored.

Scroll Style

After the screen is full, each new line is added as a complete character line, giving the effect of "Jump scroll".

Screen Background

Light mode means the screen of the Z88 is in normal mode, i.e. black characters on a light background.

Keyclicks Audible/Silent

Keyclicks are enabled or disabled using the Z88 Panel option.-SHIFT-

Shift 3 is £/#

In Vision/L, both the keys -SHIFT-+3 and £ cause the code for '#' to be transmitted to the host. The character displayed on the Z88 screen is determined by the setting of this option and can be either '#' or '£'.

Auto wraparound On/Off

When Auto wraparound is on, the 81st character inserted on a line is automatically placed in the first character position of the next line.

When Auto wraparound is off, the 81st character and all subsequent characters are placed in the 80th character position until a control character is received.

Interlace Off/On

This feature concerns the scan rate on a Cathode Ray Tube and is thus not supported by Vision/L.

Vision/L Commands

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Moving the Window

A number of keyboard commands are used by Vision/L to control which area of the 24 line page maintained in memory is currently displayed on the screen. Thus the screen acts as a window on the whole page. These commands are not sent to the host computer and are acted on by Vision/L immediately.

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The window commands are as follows:

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Window up

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SHIFT

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+↑

Move the window up the page by 6 lines. If the window is already at the top of the page, this command will be ignored.

Window down

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SHIFT

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+↓

Move the window down the page by 6 lines. If the window is already at the bottom of the page, this command will be ignored.

Window top ◇

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↑

Move the window to the top of the page. If the window is already at the top of the page, this command will be ignored.

Window bottom ◇

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↑

Move the window to the bottom of the page. If the window is already at the bottom of the page, this command will be ignored.

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Clear the screen ◇

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VN

Clear the screen and place the cursor on the first character position of the first line.

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Capture File ◇

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V C

There are a number of additional commands for file capture and transmission. These are fully detailed in the FILE TRANSFER section.

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The following list details the applications in the Z88 together with the key letters used in conjunction with the □ key. To access these functions, press and hold down the □ key, and then press the required application key while still holding down the □ key.

Note that the operation of the □ key is subtly different from the operation of the CTRL key on a VT100 terminal or PC. When the □ key is pressed on Vision/L, the condition is held and a square appears at the extreme right-hand side of the screen. The condition is then cleared by pressing any character key or the □ key again. This facilitates hand-held operation of Vision/L.

Information on the use of the Filer is given in Section 6. For detailed information on the use of the other applications, refer to the Z88 User Manual supplied with your unit.

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You may wish to edit files downloaded from a host using the PipeDream word processor. In this event, use the following techniques:

Always choose the 'plain text' option when saving or loading files in PipeDream. This option appears at the bottom of the 'File Load' and 'File Save' menus in PipeDream and should be set to 'Yes' by typing 'y' Y.

PipeDream defaults to a 72-character displayed line width. The incoming data from your host is likely to be 80 characters wide, so some characters will scroll off the right hand side of the display. PipeDream preserves these characters and lets you access them by scrolling horizontally, but the result is unsightly.

To display full 80 character lines in PipeDream, enter the Z88 panel by typing □S □ S. Select 'Map size' using the cursor keys and enter '40'. Return to PipeDream by pressing -ESC-. On returning to PipeDream, expand the screen area by holding down the □ key and repeatedly typing ⇨ → to expand the right margin until the full 80 character line is visible.

6.0 FILE TRANSFER

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File Transfer

The Filing System

In order to be able to make full use of the file transfer commands in Vision/L it is necessary for the user to have some understanding of the way in which the Z88 stores files and, in particular, where it the stores files.

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Vision/L is able to transfer files out of the Z88 to the host computer and to capture files sent by the host computer to the Vision/L screen. There are significant differences in the way that these two functions are performed. When transmitting a file, Vision/L will send the file to the host without changing the format or order of any part of the file. As far as the host is concerned, it appears as though the user is typing on the Vision/L keyboard. When receiving a file, Vision/L interprets all the escape codes sent by the host computer and writes any necessary characters to the file to duplicate the effect of the escape sequences.

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Transmit a file

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This command is used to transmit a file from the memory of the Z88 to the host computer. The file may be present on any of the Z88 devices or directories but it is not possible to send a file directly from another application running on the Z88. Thus, for example, if a document has been created in PipeDream and it is required to send it to a host computer, it will be necessary to save the file from PipeDream and then enter Vision/L to transmit the file.

File transmission can be initiated from the -MENU- or by pressing ◇VT ◇ V T. For general details regarding the use of menus, refer to the -MENU- and -HELP- commands.

The user will be presented with a screen requesting the name of the file to transmit. The filename should be typed in and after pressing the -ENTER- key, Vision/L will prompt the user to confirm that the filename is correct before beginning transmission.

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When the user is prompted for a filename to transmit, the Z88 Filer may be entered by pressing the keys □ F. This will allow the user to change the Default Directory or the Default Device. While in the Filer, if the cursor keys are used to place the cursor on the required file, the -ENTER- key is pressed to mark the file and then the -ESC- key is pressed to return to Vision/L, the file marked will be returned to Vision/L. This avoids having to explicitly type in the filename.

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File transfer can be stopped at any time by pressing the -ESC- key.

A problem that may be encountered with certain hosts is that the host receive buffer may overflow during file transfer resulting in missing characters in the received file. This may occur because the host has been configured to expect manual typing speeds, rather than electronic transfer. In such cases, handshaking is often not provided for input data. The solution is to reconfigure the host input buffer so that Xon/Xoff protocol is enabled, allowing error free data transfer.

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Capture a file

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File capture can be initiated from the menu or by pressing ◇VC ◇ V C. For general details regarding the use of menus and help, refer to a previous section.

The user will be presented with a screen requesting the name of the file in which to save the received information. If the user wishes to save the information on a device or directory other than the Default Device or the Default Directory, the Filer may be entered, by pressing □F □ F, to change the defaults. When the filename has been typed in, Vision/L will check to see if a file of that name already exists. If a file with the same name does exist then the user will be presented with the options of overwriting the existing file, adding to the end of the existing file or changing the filename.

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When a filename has been entered and accepted, Vision/L will start copying the information received from the host computer to the file as well as displaying the information on the screen. On the extreme left-hand side of the screen a message to the effect that the capture file is open and capture is taking place will be displayed, as well as the size of the capture file. At any time the capture can be temporarily stopped by pressing ◇VC ◇ V C. This will cease capture but leave the capture file open. Capture may be re-started by again pressing ◇VC ◇ V C Capture may be stopped and started as often as the user wishes and each time that capture is turned on, the information received from the host computer will be added to the capture file.

When all of the information requiring capture has been saved, the command ◇VQ ◇ V Q will stop capture and close the capture file.

If Vision/L detects that the device that has been used for the capture file has become full during the capture process, it will close the capture file and issue a warning to that effect. If the user wishes to continue capturing information, he should enter the Filer and either change devices or erase unwanted files on the current device in order to create more room. Once this has been completed, capture can be re-started, either by adding new information to the existing capture file or by choosing a different name for the capture file.

Quit capture Code

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Quit capture ◇ V Q stops the capturing of information from the screen and also closes the capture file.

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Simple text transfers between the Z88 and network machines can be performed without any other software or hardware. Press -ENTER- key a few times to wake up the remote machine.

To send from the Z88

log Log into the remote machine and then start capturing text to a file (on UNIX you might do something like cat>fred then hit return).

Then run PipeDream, load in the text and select ◇PO ◇ P O to print it. The Z88 will think that the remote machine is a fast printer.

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Set up a spool file on the Z88 with □ + S and display the text from the remote machine. When finished, close the spool file (□ - S), start PipeDream and load the file (:RAM.-/S.sgn) as a 'plain text' file. When this file has loaded you should save it back as a different file name into :RAM.1. Finally delete the :RAM.-/S.sgn file from the Z88.