Real Time Clock
- Gunther Strube
- Elpekos
TIM0-4, $D0-4
Register   Period     Counts to  Width in bits
TIM0       5ms        199        8
TIM1       1 second   59         6
TIM2       1 minute   255        8
TIM3Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 256 minutes 255Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 8
TIM4Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 64K minutes 31Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â 5The clock is reset to zero by settings RESTIM in the COM register. The clock will be held in reset, ie. it won't count until RESTIM is cleared again. In order to guarantee a valid result from any of these registers, software needs to read until two equal values are returned. This should always occur within three read cycles (see notes below). When RESTIM is high, TIM0-TIM4 are reset.
There are three interrupts that the real time clock can generate and these are TICK (100 times a second - 10ms), SEC (once a second) and MIN (once a minute).
A tick interrupt is fired when TIM0 is odd (bit 0 set), TIM0 continues to count to 199 then wraps to 0.
A second interrupt is fired when TIM0 = 128 (bit 7 set), TIM0 continues to count to 199 then wraps to 0.
A minute interrupt is fired when TIM1 = 32 (bit 5 set), TIM1 continues to count to 59 then wraps to 0.
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TSTA may never be set for all three events at once. Tick occurs on a 10ms pace when TIM0 is odd, second or minute interrupt occur when TIM0 is even (bit 0 reset). Second interrupt occurs 59 times a minute. When a minute interrupt is fired, a second interrupt has to be handled (but is not flagged in TSTA).
STA.TIME is set when TSTA.MIN or TSTA.SEC or TSTA.TICK are set according TMK mask. When all TSTA interrupts have been acknowledged, STA.TIME is reset. This logic is detailed in blink interrupts.
on tick interrupt, TSTA.TICK is set (TIM0 = @xxxxxxx1).
on second interrupt, TSTA.SEC is set (TIM0 = @1xxxxxx0 and TIM1 <>Â 32). TSTA.TICK is reset.
on minute interrupt, TSTA.MIN is set (TIM0 = @1xxxxxx0 and TIM1 = 32). TSTA.TICK and TSTA.SEC are reset.Â
Three registers are associated with these interrupts:
TSTA ($B5), Timer interrupt status
BITÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â NAMEÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Function
7 - 3Â Â Â Â Â Â -Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â -
2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â MINÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Set if minute interrupt has occurred
1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â SECÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Set if second interrupt has occurred
0Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â TICKÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Set if tick interrupt has occurredTMK ($B5), Timer interrupt mask
BITÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â NAMEÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Function
7 - 3Â Â Â Â Â Â -Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â -
2Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â MINÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Set to enable minute interrupt
1Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â SECÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Set to enable second interrupt
0Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â TICKÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Set to enable tick interruptTACK ($B4), Timer interrupt acknowledge
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Notes : the blink RTC interrupt has a special implementation and those findings have been verified after testing. My assumptions are that this implementation is probably for a minimal logic footprint. The designer used simply a bit set to fire an interrupt instead of using a comparator. Moreover, the carry propagation is certainly slow, thus it is necessary to read register 2 times and get the same value to validate the data.